Political and Diplomatic Strategies of World Leaders and the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) (An Analytical Study)

Allah Almighty sent Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) as the last Prophet for the guidance of humanity. But sent Him as a model for human being in all discipline of life. The life of the prophet was a real example for the entire mankind in the all discipline of life. Whether he is a teacher or as a commander, as a ruler or as a head of the family, as a preacher or as a judge, no one seems second to you. In the same way, like other matters, he also gave guidance in political matters. For the first time in human history, truth was made a part of politics. The Prophet (peace be upon him) is the only person in history whose every action has been considered as the source of growth and guidance for humanity. Not only is there an example for people in every aspect of the Prophet's life, but the secret of success lies in following him. Like other aspects of life, where the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) has the status of a king and a general and a conqueror, he is the founder of an Islamic state. As the ruler of the state of Madinah, the Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him) used all the political strategies necessary for the management and administration of the state. This research paper highlights the political tactics and strategy of the Prophet (peace be upon him) as world best politician.


Introduction
This Paper primarily deals with the political insight of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) that Prophet Muhammad PBUH is the great political reformer of the world, who tried to uplift the society politically and diplomatically but not through force. He introduced the new political reforms in the Arabian society which always involved in violence to solve the disputes through sword. The Prophet adopted new peaceful strategies to engage his opponents as Madina Charter, Hudaybiyya Treaty or forgiving the enemies even prisoners of the wars. It was due to that Allah Almighty declared the Holy Prophet as the last Messenger and announced the completion of the religion. He called the Prophet (PBUH) the best example for all human beings, as the Holy Quran says; "Surely the Messenger of Allah is the best example for you". 1

Research Methodology
This research article has prepared through the historic method and qualitative approach has been used to compile it with help of historical books.

Review of Literature
Literature review is the most important component of any research and for this research different primary sources have consulted to prove the hypothesis for this article. In the list [ 30 ] the most significant sources are Quran and Sunnah with Seerah and Maghazi, Muhammad Bin Ishaq, Hisham, Tabqatul Kubra, Al-Waqdi, Al-Masoodi and Tibri and Seerah of Shibli, Tareekh-e-Islam by Syed Salman Nadvi, Akbar Shah Khan and many other secondary sources have been used in this research.

Historical Perspective
Historically, the Arabian Peninsula was considered a barbaric desert and its inhabitants were considered ignorant and savage. There was a tribal administration and a class society‫۔‬The Arabs were living in the shadow of a violent, immoral and degraded life. In these circumstances, when the Prophet (PBUH) was sent and delivered his message, it was a new thing for him, but he continued his struggle and after going through many ups and downs, he finally succeeded in establishing a great state. The steadfastness with which you persevered and succeeded as a politician is a successful chapter in the political struggle.

Discussion
Allah Almighty sent, the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as last prophet to guide the people. The Prophet (PBUH) not only preached the oneness of Allah but also set the best example of his personality in all discipline of life. He also measured up the highest standard of character and personality in the entire world. He guided the savage and pagan Arabs which were completely uncivilized turned them towards Islam and they became the noblest nation. This was the big achievement of the prophet in this ignorant society where sword was the main source of solution to problems. 2 Allah Almighty sent the Prophet (PBUH) as a mercy to all the worlds. When the first Islamic government was established in Medina in 622 AD after emigrating from Mecca to Medina in the early 7th century, the fledgling state soon flourished and managed to limit powers such as Rome and Iran in a short time. The Prophet's political strategy and leadership role were central to this success. Because in order to lead humanity, their prosperity in this world, it was necessary to move away from traditional politics, which was not characteristic of the tribal society of Rome, Iran or Arabia, just as it was necessary to move human society forward. And people should be liberated from the oppressed and exploited society. 3 .The Prophet (PBUH) exposed the internal contradictions of society and challenged the monopoly of the dominant forces. And setting a new political direction, he stressed that not only intellectual struggle but also political struggle is needed to change the state of society. So that people are given their basic rights under a new development agreement. 4 The Holy Prophet (PBUH) is a person who considered the welfare of humanity as his first duty and presented himself as a guide while leading people in every sphere of life and presented himself as a practical role model. As stated in the Qur'an. The Prophet (PBUH) proved himself to be an ideal politician, not only as a ruler but also as a politician. The Prophet (Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) proved himself to be a successful ruler by presenting himself as a credible politician among all the Arab leaders‫۔‬ Important examples of your political strategy include the Mawakhat-e-Madinah between Muslims, Charter of Madinah between Muslims and Jews, the release of captured prisoners of wars, and then the Hudaybiyya peace treaty. 5 The Prophet (PBUH) civilized the Arabs in a short period of time. He taught a new lesson of politics and governance to all the nations of the world. In which he did not take advantage of [ 31 ] any kind of national, ethnic, linguistic and regional prejudice nor based on the politics of hatred. Never put tribal motives in front. Nor did he act out of interest and greed. If you study history, you will find that all the young leaders and politicians of the world have passed away. They used these motives, but the Prophet (PBUH) called these motives fitnah. It is generally said that in politics it is permissible to deceive the people, to deceive, to lie, to usurp the rights of the people. But the whole life of the Prophet (PBUH) bears witness to the fact that he exerted tolerance and human dignity in politics. 6 As a political leader, he eradicated all the tactics of the age of ignorance that were the cause of the division of humanity. Rather, he called unity the guarantor of success‫.۔‬ Instead of resorting to linguistic and regional animosities, he gave pro-nation to the nation and gave a roadmap for the future by uprooting all such tribulations. He laid the foundation of a universal society which followed the path of peace and was called a believing Ummah. 7 As a result of such training, he was awarded the title of the best Ummah. As the Qur'an says. You are the best Ummah. You enjoin good and forbid evil. 8 A clear reflection of political maneuvering was that the infidels and the Jews were not allowed to unite and, as in the present, kept a close watch on the actions of the opponents and their movements and residences. At the time of his migration, the Prophet (PBUH) not only made peace and treaty with the Jews for political expediency but also made his ally against the infidels. Similarly, the peace with the infidels before the battle of Khyber proved to be a turning point in isolating the Hudaybiyya Jews. He also ensured the success of the political and military strategy and gradually deported the Jews from Medina. As the head of state of Madinah, he did not waste a time in making every decision with consultation, but after the infidels violated the peace treaty of Hudaybiyya, he did not give them a chance to recover and without wasting time he arrived Makkah and conquest it without any strong resistance. 9 A study of history shows that millions of people had to give their lives in the movements going on in the world but only a few hundred people gave their lives in this universal movement of Islam and started a revolution in the world. From the point of view of politicians, it is also imperative in political maneuvers that people do politics for their caste or their family in which it is important to introduce one's dignity. People do this to assert their power. They feel Satisfaction with power through political power. They advertise in artificial ways. And humanity is degraded. Wealthy people were present in politics, of which the royal families of Rome and Iran are famous. But the Prophet adopted a new political style and adopted the form of Faqr and Darwish which defeated Qaisar-o-Kisra. 10 It was the effect of his political training that in his lifetime a large group of followers was formed who propagated his political philosophy in such a way that the Islamic Empire spread to three continents. And his political system proved to be a guide for the world. It was the effect of his political training that in his lifetime a large group of followers was formed who propagated his political philosophy in such a way that the Islamic Empire spread to three continents. And his political system proved to be a guide for the world. The formation and consolidation of the Madina city-state was the primary goal for which many agreements were made and the tribes joined hands in friendship. One of them was Banu Khuza'ah which later led to the conquest of Makkah. Lakhs of square miles were captured without bloodshed. 11

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During the intellectual revolution and the preaching of Islam, the Prophet (PBUH) laid down the universal principles that were certain to guide the people in any area. Through his teachings, he shattered opportunism, regionalism, and temporary hedonism. The formation of a civilized nation with the welfare of humanity, the foundations of a high family system and the construction of a modern Islamic state by destroying the fortress of deceitful politics is a supreme example of political wisdom in the world. 12 Similarly, when Makkah was conquered and a general amnesty was announced for all people instead of revenge, a large number of people converted to Islam with this strategy. The Prophet (PBUH) then appointed Atab Ibn-e-Asir as the first emir after the conquest of Makkah. This was an important step towards the formation of a political system. Even before this, political and military affairs were decided on various occasions by appointing Amirs and caretakers. 13 They were grouped on the basis of Arab tribes and bigotry. Due to their jealous temperament, each family considered themselves superior to the other. The concept of master and slave existed. There was no political consciousness. War and massacre were their common occurrence. Politically, Arabs had no significance in the world. They were politically degenerate and had no laws. Politics was limited to the tribe. 14 He made political, trade and military agreements with his allies and rivals, fought wars, and took action against them for violating them. He also met delegations. He sent delegations to different countries and established relations with nearby states. And each side bears witness to the fact that you kept your promise. He did justice to his enemies even in the worst of circumstances. They were abided by the agreements supported friends even in difficult situations. There is no precedent in politics. In the same way, they never retaliated against his worst enemies, but also gave importance to political insight by forgiving those who were stoned to death. If we try to test the political thinkers of the world on the criterion of correct politics, then it is very clear that in the field of politics we will not find anyone more sincere than Muhammad (PBUH). Nor will any politician appear to be of a high standard. Politics which is called Ibadat. If honest and pure people are sought in it, then there is no one who has made truth and honesty a part of life in politics. We have to accept the fact that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) worshiped in politics and despite maintaining honesty and truthfulness, he never failed in his politics. Researchers believe that the Prophet (PBUH) set politics on a new path in history. 15 The Prophet (PBUH) took the responsibility of reforming society by conducting practical politics on the basis of preaching, of sermons and exhortations. Unlike any political system, the Arabs were governed by the ancient tribal system, there was no formal government and no law and order. Each tribe was free and the weak were defeated and crushed by force. The political system of Arabia considered as under the famous proverb Might is right was prevalent. As a marvelous reformer, he enacted laws concerning society, the economy, international relations, and internal affairs of the state that stunned the world's leading scholars. He gave political stability to Madinah through the Charter of Madinah, while establishing the basic structure of the state and establishing the world's first Islamic welfare state. And with his leadership skills, he was able to compete with the world powers of the time. He introduced the principles of political training and governance that have revolutionized the world. By formally declaring equal rights for the people and setting the [ 33 ] principle of consultation, the concept of Parliament was born in modern times. The Masjid al-Nabawi became the center of political activity, determining matters of peace and war. 16 We look his political vision at the time of his migration to Madina, when we look at the Prophet as a political leader; we know how he reached Madinah from Makkah and laid the foundation of an Islamic welfare state. With the formation of this Islamic welfare state, the laws enacted for the people living in it are not an example. After the settlement of the Muslims at Madina he created a close and sound relation among the Muslims of Muhajreen and Ansar not only but he bound the Jews of Madina under state law. This diplomacy proved a great deal during the wars against the Pagans of Makkah. Through Political engagement Jews did not supported the Makkans at the time of the battle of Badar. 17 The Prophet (PBUH) emphasized political training and considered it necessary for an administrator. He called collective consciousness a political goal. Oath of Allegiance was always a source of pride in joining the treaty. 18 Another important decision in your political decisions was the installation of the Black Stone to prevent tribalism in Mickey's life. When all the swords have been brandished, we will mount them. 19 As the administrator of politics and the state, he kept in view the expediency and the requirements of the time. As a Political Leader he made hundreds of decisions which provide guide line for the politicians of the world. He decided the structure and nature of the Islamic state and type of government that he is the last prophet and after him they nature of government will be as caliphate.Respecting tolerance and principles in politics; he also kept in mind the issues of ethics in political affairs. In the same way, the ideas, prejudices, hatreds of the pre-Islamic era, instead of nation, tribe and race, laid the foundation of a universal state. In which Rich & Poor, white black, Arabs and non-Arabs all had equal civil rights. When appointing agents and rulers, they were required to make decisions based on Islamic teachings. And this process is a reflection of a higher political thinking. Unlike the class style of politics prevalent in the ancient states, he reorganized politics. In which respect for humanity, justice and equality were given priority. The Arab society, which was morally degraded and divided into classes, first became acquainted with the political way of life and became part of a civilized state by joining the formation of the state. 20 The Prophet (PBUH) was a leader who, in addition to the use of force, also introduced political diplomacy and diplomacy which was not present in the Arab constitution. He paved the way for success with his style of communication and bound his opponents through various agreements. He surprised everyone by accepting the strict conditions of the infidels in the treaty of Hudaybiyya, but his foresight was realized when this treaty led to the spread of Islam, mutual unity with the tribes and establishment of relations with the states as well as victory. He started his political career with the formation of the state of Madinah. He used to say that the prophets performed the duties of a politician and a state in Bani Israel. The caliphs will take over the system of politics and government after me as the end of the prophecy is over. The caliphs will run the state in the light of the Qur'an and Sunnah. In the same way, you introduced the system of consultation which was the basic foundation of the government. Similarly, he declared the state and the government as the guardians of the people. And as a guardian, the ruler will be questioned. 21 .A nation that had the status of a completely non-political nation and was divided into pieces and never remained under [ 34 ] unity and center but was anarchy. Uniting such a nation is no less than a great achievement. Everyone agrees that the Arab tribes were warring factions with all their power in civil war and looting. It is also important to note that such things as unity, organization, consciousness, the existence of nationality and obedience are due to the political life of which the Arabs were unaware and the Prophet (PBUH) united them in a unity unlike the nomadic life. 22 As a successful political leader, he summarized his manifesto on the occasion of the last Hajj sermon in which he explained his rights and duties. That the dignity and protection of the lives and property of all is obligatory on all. All human beings are equal, whether they are men or women, travelers or prisoners, rich or poor, no one has superiority over race or color. This was the first formal declaration of human rights that the Prophet (PBUH) presented 1400 years ago with the welfare of humanity in mind. When the world was unfamiliar with the meaning of the word truth. So, of course, it was a universal manifesto that drew people to the fact that it is a manifesto of peace and security and human dignity. 23 Not only the Muslim world but also non-Muslim historians have called the Prophet the greatest leader in the world. As Michael Hart, wrote in the first issue of his book. ‫۔‬ 24 After the conversion of the Arabs to Islam, a complete state came into being, and after you united the whole Arabian Peninsula, you established foreign relations with the rest of the world in the form of a state. He was always first in friendship and peace. He was kind and compassionate towards the enemies and lost no opportunity to pardon them, even Abu Sufyan-his sworn enemy. He particularly demonstrated that for givens the great revenge. It is greatly to his praise (Muhammad) Praise" He restrained his army from all shedding of blood and showed every kind of humility and thanks giving to Allah for his goodness", Writes Arthur Gilman about conquest of Makkah. As a wise administrator he always drew from and practiced on the Quranic verses-the divine Laws and limits. The Prophet was an excellent planner, an unparalleled reformer and moralist. Unerring dispenser of justice social unsparing enforcer of moral and civil laws, unopposed and unquestioned propagator of economic justice and humble. He was both a nationalist and internationalist as his dispatching of ambassadors and good will letters to the foreign rulers and signatories testify. G.B. Shaw, a great thinker who roared the loudest in the 20 th century writes about the personality as; "Islam is the only religion which appears to possess that assimilation capability to the changing phases of existence which makes itself to every age-revival ecclesiastics, either through ignorance, or bigotry, painted in the darkest colors. They were, in fact, trained to hate the man Mohammad and his religion. To them Mohammad was Anti-Christ and in my opinion he must be called the savior of humanity. I believe that if a man like him were to assume the dictatorship of the modern world, he would succeed in solving the problems in a way that would bring it much needed peace and happiness. Europe is beginning to be enamored of the creed of Muhammad in the next century, it may still further in recognize the utility of that creed, in solving its problem; and it is in this sense you must understand my prediction". 25 In the end, let us bow to Allah in humanity and gratitude for bestowing in His mercy, upon mankind and specially the Muslims, His last Prophet the greatest teacher, guide and benefactor of humanity.

Conclusion
The above mention discussion of this research paper makes it clear that Allah sent the Prophet (PBUH) as a perfect example for the guidance of mankind. In which he guided humanity in all walks of life, as a leader, ruler, judge, and political reformer, he appeared above all. Your political decisions changed the situation. Successfully handled political agreements and foreign affairs in difficult circumstances. And the opponents seemed to dominate. Whether it is the Charter of Medina or the peace treaty of Hudaybiyya or the letters to the rulers of the world, these are practical proofs of your political insight. Similarly, decisions such as amnesty during the conquest of Makkah and declaring the homes of the opponents as Dar-ul-Aman are examples of political maneuvers that changed the course of events. And you become the most successful politician in history. In short, the Prophet (PBUH) as a political reformer in such a short period of time has not been able to achieve such a great political achievement in history. Nor is there a great political leader like Muhammad (PBUH) in all of human history who laid the foundation of a great empire with a small group of followers. With a political strategy, he cleansed Madinah internally of corrupters, while strengthening the state internally and enacting such universal laws as were necessary for the state.